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State Animals and Mammals
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Missouri Symbols
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Missouri State Animal
Missouri Mule
(Equus spp.)
Adopted on May 31, 1995
The Missouri Mule was chosen as the official animal of the State of Missouri by the 88th General Assembly in 1995. Known for its strength, hardiness, intelligence, even temper – and healthy stubbornness – the mule has come to symbolize Missouri.
History
The Missouri Mule is a hybrid, the offspring of a mare (female horse) and a jack (male donkey). After its
introduction to the state in the 1820s, the mule quickly became popular with farmers and settlers because of
its hardy nature. The pride of Missouri breeders, mules have built railroads, logged forests, plowed fields, mined coal and helped win wars. The US exported about 232,000 mules during World War I, many coming from Missouri. Although still an excellent work animal, the majority of Missouri's mules today are bred for show. Exhibited at the State Fair in Sedalia and at many county fairs, they range from massive draft mules weighing up to 1,200 pounds to beautifully proportioned miniature mules. What ever their size, they're Missouri mules . . . and that means they're the best.
On May 31, 1995, Governor Mel Carnahan signed a bill designating the Missouri mule as the official state animal. The mule is a hybrid, the offspring of a mare (female horse) and a jack (male donkey). After its introduction to the state in the 1820s, the mule quickly became popular with farmers and settlers because of its hardy nature. Missouri mules pulled pioneer wagons to the Wild West during the 19th century and played a crucial role in moving troops and supplies in World Wars I and II. For decades, the Show Me State was the nation's premier mule producer. (RSMo 10.110)
Description of the Missouri State Animal
With its short thick head, long ears, thin limbs, small narrow hooves, short mane, absence
of chestnuts (horny growths) inside the hocks, the mule looks like a donkey; in height and
body, shape of neck and croup, uniformity of coat, and teeth, it appears horse-like; the
mule comes in all sizes, shapes and conformities. There are mules that resemble quarter
horses, huge draft mules, fine-boned racing mules, shaggy pony mules and many more types.
A mule does not sound exactly like a donkey or a horse. Instead, a mule makes a sound that
is similar to a donkey's but also has the whinnying characteristics of a horse (often starts
with a whinny, ends in a hee-haw). Sometimes, mules whimper. The coats of mules come in the
same varieties as those of horses. Common colors are Sorrel, Bay, Black, and Grey. Less
common are White, Roans (both blue and red), Palomino, Dun, and Buckskin. Least common are
Paint mules or Tobianos.
The mule possesses the sobriety, patience, endurance and sure-footedness of the donkey, and
the vigour, strength and courage of the horse. Operators of working animals generally find
mules preferable to horses: mules show less impatience under the pressure of heavy weights,
and their skin, harder and less sensitive than that of horses, rendering them more capable
of resisting sun and rain. Their hooves are harder than horses', and they show a natural
resistance to disease and insects. Many North American farmers with clay soil found mules
superior as plow animals, especially in the U.S. state of Missouri, hence the expression
"stubborn as a Missouri mule".
Mules are generally less tolerant towards dogs than horses are. They are also capable of
striking out with any of their hooves in any direction, even sideways if needed.
Mules exhibit a higher cognitive intelligence than their parent species - horses and
donkeys. This is believed to be the result of hybrid vigour, similar to how mules acquire
greater height and endurance than either parents.
Statute
Missouri Revised Statutes
TITLE II
SOVEREIGNTY, JURISDICTION AND EMBLEMS
August 28, 2008
Official animal.
10.110. The Missouri Mule, known for its strength, hardiness, intelligence and even temper, is selected for and shall be known as the official animal of the state of Missouri.
(L. 1995 H.B. 84 & 98)
Taxonomic Hierarchy of the Missouri Mule
| Kingdom |
Animalia -- animals |
| Phylum |
Chordata -- chordates |
| Subphylum |
Vertebrata -- vertebrates |
| Class |
Mammalia |
| Order |
Perissodactyla |
| Family |
Equidae |
| Genus |
Equus |
| Species |
E. caballus x asinus |
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State Animals and Mammals
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Mammals are one group of animals. Bears, monkeys and dolphins are mammals. So are humans.
But what makes a mammal a mammal?
an·i·mal (ān'ə-məl)
n.
1. A multicellular organism of the kingdom Animalia, differing from plants in certain
typical characteristics such as capacity for locomotion, nonphotosynthetic metabolism,
pronounced response to stimuli, restricted growth, and fixed bodily structure.
2. An animal organism other than a human, especially a mammal.
mam·mal (mām'əl)
n.
Any of various warm-blooded vertebrate animals of the class Mammalia, including humans,
characterized by a covering of hair on the skin and, in the female, milk-producing mammary
glands for nourishing the young.
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