North Dakota State Fish

Northern Pike

(Esox lucius)

Named by resolution and not in codified law. 1971

[Named by resolution rather than bill, the measure does not appear in the North Dakota Century Code as codified law] the Northern Pike, Esox lucius, is North Dakota's state fish in 1971.

North Dakota waters have yielded mammoth size Northern Pike, resulting in a national sports fishing reputation for the state.

Description of the North Dakota State Fish

Identifying characteristics: Single dorsal fin, light colored spots on darker body, upper half of gill cover and entire cheek has scales.

As predators, northern pike can have significant impact on their prey species. As with muskies, pike lurk in the cover of vegetation in the lake's clear, shallow, warm waters near shore, although they retreat somewhat deeper in midsummer. Pike consume large numbers of smaller fish – about 90 percent of their diet – but seem willing to supplement their diet with any living creature their huge jaws can surround, including frogs, crayfish, waterfowl, rodents, and other small mammals. Their preferred food size is approximately one third to one half the size of the pike itself.

Reproduction:

Great Lakes pike spawn in the shallows in April or May, right after the ice leaves, and before muskies reproduce. As a result of their eating habits, young pike grow rapidly in both length and weight. Females become sexually mature at age three or four years, and males at two to three years. Beyond sexual maturity, pike continue to gain weight, although more slowly. Great Lakes pike have an average life span of 10 to 12 years.

Pike eggs and new hatchlings (which stay inactive, attached to vegetation for their first few days of life) fall prey in large numbers to larger pike, perch, minnows, waterfowl, water mammals, and even some insects. Larger pike have two primary enemies – lampreys, and man. Spawning adult northern pike, exposing themselves recklessly in the shallows, are vulnerable to bears, dogs, and other large carnivores.

Northern pike flesh excels in flavor, thus making them a doubly rewarding game fish. Since their skin has heavy pigmentation and an unappetizing mucous coating, most people skin them or scale them carefully.

Taxonomic Hierarchy of the Northern Pike