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Oregon State...
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Oregon Counties
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Oregon Counties
There are 36 counties in the state of Oregon. The Oregon Constitution does not explicitly
provide for county seats. |
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Umatilla County, Oregon
Umatilla County History, Geography, Demographics, Cities and Towns, and Education
County Seat: Pendleton
Year Organized: 1862
Square Miles: 3,215
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Court House: 216 SE 4th Street
County Courthouse
Pendleton, OR 97801-2509
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Etymology - Origin of County Name
Umatilla is an Indian term meaning "rippling water" or
"water rippling over sand" and has provided the name both for the county and its
major river.
Demographics:
County QuickFacts:
Census Bureau Quick Facts
History
Umatilla County was created on
September 27, 1862, out of a portion of Wasco County. Umatilla is an Indian term
meaning "rippling water" or "water rippling over sand" and has provided the name
both for the county and its major river. Adjustments were made to the county's
boundaries following the creation of Grant, Morrow, Union, and Wallowa Counties.
The county contains 3,231 square miles and is bounded by the Columbia River on
the north, Morrow County on the west, Grant County on the south, and Union and
Wallowa Counties on the east.
The legislative act that created Umatilla County designated Marshall Station as
the temporary county seat. Umatilla City was chosen the county seat in an 1865
election. Population shifted to the north and east parts of the county due to
the opening of the Pendleton area to wheat production. A subsequent election in
1868 resulted in the selection of Pendleton as the new county seat, supplanting
both Marshall Station and Umatilla City.
The first courthouse was completed in 1866 in Umatilla City. The next
courthouse, and the first built in Pendleton, was a wooden, two-story structure
completed in 1869. In 1889 a three-story brick courthouse and jail was erected.
A fourth courthouse was built on the site of the old courthouse in 1956 and is
still in use today.
The government of Umatilla County consisted originally of a county judge, two
county commissioners, clerk, and sheriff. The offices of treasurer, assessor,
coroner, and superintendent of schools were added a short time after formation
of the county. The county judge position was abolished and a third commissioner
was added in 1975.
The first census of the Umatilla County in 1870 counted 2,916 inhabitants. The
population has increased steadily with a 2000 census figure of 70,548
representing an increase of 19.07% over 1990.
The Umatilla Indian Reservation was established by the Treaty of Walla Walla in
1855. It became an 800 square mile home for the Umatillas, Walla Wallas, and
Cayuse tribes and is located immediately southeast of Pendleton. The Umatilla
Confederated Tribes have 1,400 enrolled members.
Lewis and Clark and pioneers traveling the Oregon Trail passed through the area.
The gold rush of 1862 brought miners and stock raisers to the mountains and
grasslands of Umatilla County. The county expanded after the coming of the
railroad in 1881 and the area was open to the development of dry land wheat
farming. The fertile land of Umatilla County gives a strongly agricultural base
to the county's economy. Fruit, grain, timber, cattle, and sheep are important
agricultural products. Recreation, primarily in the Blue Mountains, and tourism,
most notably for the annual Pendleton Round-Up rodeo, are also important to the
local economy.
Neighboring Counties:
Cities and Towns:
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- Adams |
city |
Incorporated Area |
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- Athena |
city |
Incorporated Area |
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- Echo |
city |
Incorporated Area |
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- Helix |
city |
Incorporated Area |
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- Hermiston |
city |
Incorporated Area |
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- Pendleton
(County
Seat) |
city |
Incorporated Area |
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- Pilot Rock |
city |
Incorporated Area |
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- Stanfield |
city |
Incorporated Area |
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- Ukiah |
city |
Incorporated Area |
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- Umatilla |
city |
Incorporated Area |
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- Weston |
city |
Incorporated Area |
County Resources:
Enter County Resources and Information Here
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County Resource Guide
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The history of our nation can be seen as a prolonged struggle to define the relative roles and powers of our governments: federal, state, and local. And the names we've given our counties, our most locally based jurisdictions, reflects the "characteristic
features of our country!"
But age, size and colorful names of our counties isn't the only reason to explore counties' role in American history, or the history of county government itself. In fact, the story of county government reflects the larger meanings of American history.
Today's counties are the most flexible, locally responsive and creative governments in the US. They are the most diverse, varying in size, population, geography, and governmental structure. In their politics and policies, they express a 1990's political slogan "Think globally,
act locally." |
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