Josephine County, Oregon: History and Information

Josephine County, Oregon

Josephine County History, Geography, Demographics, Cities and Towns, and Education

County Seat: Grants Pass
Year Organized: 1856
Square Miles: 1,640

Court House:

500 NW 6th Street
County Courthouse
Grants Pass, OR 97526-2063

Etymology - Origin of County Name

Josephine County was named for Josephine Rollins, the first white woman to settle in southern Oregon.

Demographics:

History

Josephine County is located in southwestern Oregon and was created by the Territorial Legislature on January 22, 1856, from the western half of Jackson County. It was the nineteenth, and last, county created before statehood. Josephine County was named for Josephine Rollins, the first white woman to settle in southern Oregon.

The county is bordered on the south by California, on the north by Douglas County, on the west by Curry County at the Coast Range summit, and on the east by Jackson County. Josephine County is predominantly mountainous, but has two major valleys cut by the Rogue and Illinois Rivers.

Sailor Diggings was named the first county seat of Josephine County in 1856. During the next year, the population center shifted north to the Illinois Valley and to Kerbyville, a town which had been founded earlier that year by James Kerby. Kerbyville was chosen by the electorate as the new county seat in 1857. In 1858 the Territorial Legislature changed its name to Napoleon, but Kerbyville, and later, Kerby, remained the favored usage in the county. In 1886, the county seat was relocated to Grants Pass, a new town built along the recently completed railroad which traversed the state.

The first county courthouse was a log cabin at Sailor Diggings, which later came to known as Waldo. The building was purchased for $100 from James Hendershott in 1856. In 1858 when Kerbyville became the new county seat, the commissioners ordered the sheriff to sell the courthouse at Sailor Diggings. Between 1858 and 1886 court records were kept in various offices and buildings rented by the county in Kerbyville. In 1886 the county seat was relocated to Grants Pass where courthouses were built in 1887 and 1917.

County officers were elected in June, 1856, and included three county commissioners, sheriff, auditor, treasurer, probate judge, and coroner. The US district court held its first session at Sailor Diggings in 1856. Josephine County government currently consists of three commissioners, district attorney, assessor, clerk, sheriff, surveyor, and treasurer.

Most of the commercial activity during the territorial period centered on gold mining and the supply of provisions to miners. Miners had been active in the Rogue and Illinois Valleys since 1851. By the late 1850s, however, gold mining was beginning to decline and population dwindled as well. In 1859, gold was discovered along the Fraser River in British Columbia and an exodus from Josephine County occurred.

Although several Indian tribes lived in the area from which Josephine County was created, most of their members had been moved to reservations by 1856. In late 1856 all Indians in southwest Oregon, with the exception of a few tiny bands, were moved to the Siletz Reservation in Polk County.

Josephine County was also the home to a large Chinese population. Most had come to the area to work gold claims purchased from whites no longer interested in working them. Even though they could not own land, they had to pay a tax to mine gold, and were relegated to inferior claims.

Population in Josephine County has steadily increased except in the 1910s when there was a 20% decrease. In 2000 the population of 75,726 represented a 20.87% increase from 1990. The principal industries are lumber, tourism, and agriculture.

Neighboring Counties:

Insert Counties Here

Cities and Towns:

- Cave Junction

city

Incorporated Area

- Grants Pass (County Seat)

city

Incorporated Area

County Resources:

Enter County Resources and Information Here

The history of our nation can be seen as a prolonged struggle to define the relative roles and powers of our governments: federal, state, and local. And the names we've given our counties, our most locally based jurisdictions, reflects the "characteristic features of our country!"

But age, size and colorful names of our counties isn't the only reason to explore counties' role in American history, or the history of county government itself. In fact, the story of county government reflects the larger meanings of American history.

Today's counties are the most flexible, locally responsive and creative governments in the US. They are the most diverse, varying in size, population, geography, and governmental structure. In their politics and policies, they express a 1990's political slogan "Think globally, act locally."

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